U.S. Takeover of Greenland would Mark End of NATO: Denmark | OPEC+ | Biohappiness

U.S. Takeover of Greenland would Mark End of NATO: Denmark

International

Context

• The Prime Minister of Denmark said that if Trump took over Greenland that would mark an end of the Nato military alliance.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• NATO, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance.
• Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
• Background: It was established by 12 countries from Europe and North America with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as Washington Treaty) in 1949 in Washington, D.C to provide collective security against the Soviet Union attack in the aftermath of World War II.
• Collective Defense: According to Article 5, NATO works on the principle of collective defense, where an attack on any NATO member is considered an attack on all NATO members. So far, Article 5 has been invoked once – in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001.
• Members: It comprises 32 member states – two North American countries (USA and Canada) 28 European countries and one eurasian country (Turkey). Sweden became the 32nd member in 2024.

OPEC+

International

Context

• OPEC+ has agreed in principle to maintain steady oil output despite rising political tensions among key members and widening geopolitical uncertainty.

OPEC+

• Brief: It is a coalition of oil-producing countries that includes members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and several non-OPEC nations. A partnership between OPEC and 10 non-OPEC oil-producing countries.
• OPEC Established: 1960 by Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.
• Headquarters: Vienna, Austria.
• Members:
  • Founding Members: Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela.
  • Additional Members: Algeria, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya, Nigeria, UAE.
  • Non-OPEC members of OPEC+: Russia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Malaysia, Oman, South Sudan, and Sudan.
  • Significance of OPEC+: Controls around 40% of global oil supply.

Biohappiness

Geography & Environment

In News

• The M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation has begun work on a project on Biohappiness in Keyi Panyor district of Arunachal Pradesh.

Do you know?

• Keyi Panyor became Arunachal Pradesh’s 26th district, with its headquarters at Ter Gapin-Sam Sarth, fulfilling a long-standing demand of the Nyishi community.

BioHappiness

• It is a term coined by late agricultural scientist Dr. M.S. Swaminathan.
• It is a state of well-being and fulfillment achieved by conserving and using biodiversity to improve human health, nutrition, and livelihoods, fostering harmony between people and nature.
• Significance – The new Biohappiness Project in Keyi Panyor district of Arunachal Pradesh would look at the livelihoods of the residents, the agro-biodiversity of the district, and other ecological aspects within its boundaries.