150th Birth Anniversary of Birsa Munda | STEM Cell Therapy

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Syllabus: GS1/History

In News

15 November is observed as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, commemorating the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
The Government designated this day as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas in 2021.

Birsa Munda

He was born in 1874 in Ulihatu village, Jharkhand and was a spiritual reformer and freedom fighter.
He is Known as Dharti Aaba (“Father of the Earth”).
He led the Ulgulan or “Great Tumult” (1899–1900) (also called Munda Rebellion (1895–1900)) which was a fierce movement for tribal self-rule and the restoration of Khuntkatti (community land rights).
He united the Munda tribes against British land laws and feudal exploitation.
He envisioned a moral, self-governed society free from colonial influence.
He was captured and martyred in Ranchi Jail at the age of 25.

Janjatiya Gaurav Divas

Janjatiya Gaurav Divas is dedicated to remembering the contributions of tribal freedom fighters for the country.
This day will now be celebrated every year.
It would recognize the efforts of the tribals for the preservation of cultural heritage and would help the coming generations know about the sacrifices made by the tribals for the country.
November 15th chosen for Janjatiya Gaurav Divas – The date is the birth anniversary of Sri Birsa Munda who is revered as Bhagwan by tribal communities across the country.

PM Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan

Objective – To ensure last-mile welfare scheme delivery and protection for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra – It is a nationwide programme to reach out to all villages and include those eligible for various central schemes.

Syllabus: GS3/ Science & Technology

In News

Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a new technique to heal spinal fractures using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).

Stem Cells

Definition – A stem cell is a cell with the potential to form many of the different cell types found in the body.
When stem cells divide, they can form more stem cells or other cells that perform specialised functions.
Somatic Stem Cells: These are the Adult Somatic Cells (ASCs) found in bone marrow.
Embryonic Stem Cells: These are derived in about six-to eight-day embryos, and these are cells with even more potential than the adult cells, because an embryonic stem cell derived in the proper way can give rise to neural cells, muscle cells and liver cells.

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy utilises the unique properties of stem cells to regenerate damaged cells and tissues in the human body.
Stem cells replace these cells with new, healthy and fully functional cells.
It is also known as regenerative medicine.
It is the next step in organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in supply.
Stem cells are grown in the labs, these stem cells are manipulated to specialise into specific types of cells, such as heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells.
The specialised cells can then be implanted into a person.
For over 90 years now, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used to treat people with conditions such as leukaemia and lymphoma.

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